As Nigeria awaits the roll-out of the proposed Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on the 1st of October, 2021, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has also released a set of guidelines that will ensure a coordinated roll-out of the state-backed digital currency (e-Naira). The guidelines are meant to show Nigerians how the e-Naira will regulate, designed, and issued.
Part of the guidelines shows that the e-naira digital currency will be accessible to both bank account and non-account holders. It will have a set limit on the value of transactions customers can carry out with it. Perhaps most importantly is the fact that the e-naira will have a legal tender and non-interest-bearing asset status.
The apex bank has moved quickly to create a wallet that will house the digital currency. Ultimately, the commercial banks and licensed operators will be responsible for creating wallets for the e-naira but the CBN is untaking this task at this stage in a bid to meet up the set date for the roll-out – which is October 1st, 2021. This wallet will “serve as a means to transact value, pending when banks and other innovators can provide their own wallets,” and will come in three tiers.
The first tier (Tier 1) will cater to Nigerians who do not have an existing bank account. This group will also have access to the digital currency but will have to tender their names, addresses, phone numbers, gender, place & date of birth, and a passport photograph. It also comes with a transaction limit of ₦50,000 daily and a cumulative balance of ₦300,000 fixed .
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The second tier (Tier 2) are for those who have an existing bank accounts. The minimum requirement for this level is a Bank Verification Number (BVN) and it comes with a transaction limit of ₦200,000 daily and a cumulative balance of ₦500,000. The last tier (Tier 3) also allows the BVN as its minimum requirement and has a daily transacting limit of up to ₦1,000,000 daily with the cumulative balance set at ₦5,000,000.
The launch of Nigeria’s CBDC will take palce in five phases. The first part of the e-naira rollout will be handled by the CBN. This will involve the issuing, distribution, redemption, as well as the destruction of the currency. The second phase will see commercial banks and other licensed financial institutions able to request currency or issue stablecoins. According to the guidelines, they will also “manage digital currency across branches, KYC, identify and AML compliance capability.”
The third phase will see the government “process digital payments sent to and received from citizens and businesses.” At the fourth stage are merchants who are expected to provide “low-cost payment and business management software, POS, remote payment solutions, online capabilities, transaction analysis and reconciliation.” The last stage, which is also known as the Retail Consumer Suite, will focus on the digital currency’s architecture.
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